John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) 2. Blanche (13591388/1389), who married Sir Thomas Morieux (13551387) in 1381 and had no children. Major children and living persons must directly contact the, Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1), Relationship with KATHERINE DE ROET (spouse), Relationship with Blanche Of LANCASTER (spouse), Relationship with Constanza DE CASTILE-LEON (spouse), Relationship with Marie De St HILAIRE (spouse), Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1, List of all individuals in the family tree, {{ 'gw_downgraded_access_back_to_max'|translate }}, Born 24June1340 - Abbaye de St Bav, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium, Deceased (3 FEB 1398/99) - Leicester Castle, Leicestershire, Buried in1399 - St Pauls Cathedral, London, Middlesex, Burial: Note: - John of Gaunt was buried alongside his first wife, Blanche ofLancaster, in the nave of Old St. Paul's Cathedral in an alabaster tomb. John Tilley, Joan (Hurst) Rogers, Elizabeth Tilley, John Howland, Thomas Rogers, Joseph Rogers, Richard Warren, William Brewster and his wife, Mary, Edward Doty, James Chilton, Susanna Furner, Mary Chilton, William White, Susanna Jackson, and Resolved White. Sometime after the death of Blanche of Lancaster in 1368 and the birth of their first son, John Beaufort, in 1373, John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford, the daughter of an ordinary knight, entered into an extra-marital love affair that would produce four children for the couple. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was an English royal prince, military leader, and statesman. The two alabaster effigies were notable for having their right hands joined. View famous kin of John of Gaunt 11th Great-grandfather of George Washington 14th Generation Ahnentafel No: 11766 Father: Edward III, King of England Mother: Philippa of Hainault Birth Date: 6 Mar 1340 Birth Location: Ghent, Belgium Christening Date: Christening Location: Death Date: 3 Feb 1399 Death Location: In 1386 John departed for Spain to pursue his claim to the kingship of Castile and Leon based upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371. The treaty was sealed by the marriage of John's eldest daughter Philippa to the Portuguese king. After Blanche's death in 1368, shortly after the birth of her last child, John married, in 1371,Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of KingPeter of Castile, giving him a claim to theCrown of Castile. The family tree for John of Gaunt should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. Occupation: royal consort, heiress; second wife of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the thronethe phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status")was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England[16]. Chaucer married Philippa (Pan) de Roet in 1366, and Lancaster took his mistress of nearly 30 years, Katherine Swynford (de Roet), who was Philippa Chaucer's sister, as his third wife in 1396. Fortune, in turn, does not understand Chaucer's harsh words to her for she believes she has been kind to him, claims that he does not know what she has in store for him in the future, but most importantly, "And eek thou hast thy beste frend alyve" (32, 40, 48). By this time, too, some of his possessions were taken from him by the Crown. Constance of Castile Facts: Known for: her claim to the crown of Castile led to an attempt by her husband, England's John of Gaunt, to control that land. King James I. of Scotland, and through her the Royal Family of Scotland descended from John of Gaunt; secondly, John Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorn, from which marriage descended the Stewart Earls of Atholl, of whom there are still . Updated on January 14, 2020. And I constitute and appoint the Reverend Fathers in God Richard Bishop of Salisbury; John Bishop of Worcester; my very dear and loving cousins and companions Thomas Earl of Worcester, Steward of the Household of my Lord the King; and William Earl of Wilts, Treasurer of England; my son Ralph Earl of Westmoreland; Monsr Walter Blount; Monsr John Dabruggecourt; Monsr William Par; Monsr Hugh War'ton; Monsr Thomas Skelton; and Cokeyn, Chief Steward of my Lands; Sir Robert Qwytby, my Attorney General; Piers Melburn; William Ketyring; Robert Haylfield, Comptroller of my Household; Sir John Leyburn, my Receiver General; and Thomas Longley, Clerk, my executors. The ostrich feather arms appeared in stained glass above Gaunt's chantry chapel in St Paul's Cathedral.[44]. John was married three times. John inherited the rest of the Lancaster property when Blanche's sister Maud, Countess of Leicester (married to William V, Count of Hainaut), died without issue on 10 April 1362. Henry then deposed Richard and in September 1399 ascended the throne as King Henry IV. Vol. The first, called to grant massive war taxation to the Crown, turned into a parliamentary revolution, with the Commons (supported to some extent by the Lords) venting their grievances at decades of crippling taxation, misgovernment, and suspected endemic corruption among the ruling classes. [citation needed], From 1394 through 1395, he was forced to spend nearly a year in Gascony to shore up his position in the face of threats of secession by the Gascon nobles. WILL: JOHN OF GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER I, John, son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster, February 3d, 1397. (There may have been a second Swynford daughter.) An adjacent chantry chapel was added between 1399 and 1403. During the 1390s, John's reputation of devotion to the well-being of the kingdom was largely restored. London: The St. Catherine Press, p.409, note (f), See his arms with baton sinister in his portrait, Cokayne, G. E. & Geoffrey H. White, eds. Their magnificent tomb had been designed and executed between 1374 and 1380 by Henry Yevele with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, at a total cost of 592. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne, the phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status"), was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. John was left isolated (even the Black Prince supported the need for reform) and the Commons refused to grant money for the war unless most of the great officers of state were dismissed and the king's mistress Alice Perrers, another focus of popular resentment, was barred from any further association with him. The following year he took part with his father, Edward III, in an abortive attempt to invade France with a large army, which was frustrated by three months of unfavourable winds. John (1366-1367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future Henry IV of England; he was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. Queen Elizabeth II and her predecessors since Henry IV are descended from John of Gaunt. The House of Beaufort adopted various heraldic or quasi-heraldic symbols, badges or cognisances. From August to October, John of Gaunt set up a rudimentary court and chancery at Ourense and received the submission of the Galician nobility and most of the towns of Galicia, though they made their homage to him conditional on his being recognised as king by the rest of Castile. The army reached English-occupied Bordeaux on 24 December 1373, severely weakened in numbers with the loss of at least one-third of their force in action and another third to disease. There is, however, evidence that he may occasionally have used this second marshalling at earlier dates. Fortune states three times in her response to the plaintiff, "And also, you still have your best friend alive" (32, 40, 48); she also references his "beste frend" in the envoy when appealing to his "noblesse" to help Chaucer to a higher estate. Here are 10 facts about the royal ancestor, John of Gaunt. He made an abortive attempt to enforce a claim to the Crown of Castile that came courtesy of his second wife Constance, who was an heir to the Castillian Kingdom, and for a time styled himself as such. Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. John and Warwick then decided to strike Harfleur, the base of the French fleet on the Seine. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. These included: This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. [21] During the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, John of Gaunt was far from the centre of events, on the March of Scotland, but he was among those named by the rebels as a traitor to be beheaded as soon as he could be found. John (1362-1365) was the first-born son of John and Blanche of Lancaster and lived possibly at least until after the birth of his brother Edward of Lancaster in 1365 and died before his second brother another short lived boy called John in 1366. He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year. When he became unpopular later in life, scurrilous rumours and lampoons circulated that he was actually the son of a Ghent butcher, perhaps because Edward III was not present at the birth. Many deserted or abandoned the army to ride north under French safe conducts. This page was last edited on 13 April 2023, at 16:49. Daughter of: John Beauchamp of Bletso and Edith Stourton. He was made Earl of Richmond in September 1342. He did not even protest, it seems, when his younger brother Thomas was murdered at Richard's behest. The name Beaufort refers to the estate of Montmorency-Beaufort in Champagne, France, an ancient and seemingly important possession of the House of Lancaster. Coat of Arms of Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, Descendants of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, Cokayne, G. E.; H. A. Doubleday & Lord Howard de Walden, eds. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Through advantageous marriages and land grants, John became exceedingly wealthy and influential at his father's court.. [3] Biography . Encyclopdia Britannica. The House of Beaufort /bofrt/[2] is an English noble and quasi-royal family, which originated in the fourteenth century as the legitimated issue of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (the third surviving son of King Edward III), whose eldest legitimate son was King Henry IV, the first Lancastrian king. However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. He was one of England's principal negotiators in the diplomatic exchanges with France that led to the Truce of Leulinghem in 1396, and he initially agreed to join the French-led Crusade that ended in the disastrous Battle of Nicopolis, but withdrew due to ill-health and the political problems in Gascony and England. From then until 1377, he was effectively the head of the English government due to the illness of his father and elder brother, who were unable to exercise authority. Through them, many royal families of Europe can trace lineage to him. John renounced his claim in 1388, but he married his daughter, Catherine, to the young nobleman who eventually became King Henry III of Castile and Leon. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. Unlike some of Richard's unpopular advisors, John was away from London at the time of the uprising and thus avoided the direct wrath of the rebels. Also known as: John of Gaunt, duc dAquitaine, John of Gaunt, earl of Richmond. Bolingbroke then reigned as King Henry IV of England (1399-1413), the first of the descendants of John of Gaunt to hold the throne of England. Corrections? After the death in 1376 of his older brother Edward of Woodstock (also known as the "Black Prince"), John of Gaunt contrived to protect the religious reformer John Wycliffe,[15] possibly to counteract the growing secular power of the church. Believed to have been written in the 1390s, Chaucer's short poem Fortune, is also inferred to directly reference Lancaster. John sailed from England on 9 July 1386 with a huge Anglo-Portuguese fleet carrying an army of about 5,000 men plus an extensive "royal" household and his wife and daughters. [5] Following Gaunt's death in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the Crown, and his son Henry, now disinherited, was branded a traitor and exiled. Another motive was John's conviction that it was only by making peace with France would it be possible to release sufficient manpower to enforce his claim to the throne of Castile. John of Gaunt: key dates & facts Born: March 1340, Abbey of Saint Bavon in Ghent Died: 3 February 1399, Leicester, age 58 Parents: King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault Known for: Third surviving son of King Edward III, and a commander in the Hundred Years' War. Although he fought in the Battle of Njera (1367), for example, his later military projects proved unsuccessful. In accordance with the legal provisions, you can ask for the removal of your name and the name of your minor children. The term Gaunt, a corruption of the name of his birthplace, Ghent, was never employed after he was three years old; it became the popularly accepted form of his name through its use in Shakespeares play Richard II. He was faced with military difficulties abroad and political divisions at home, and disagreements as to how to deal with these crises led to tensions among Gaunt, the English Parliament, and the ruling class, making him an extremely unpopular figure for a time. Fortune turns her attention to three princes whom she implores to relieve Chaucer of his pain and "Preyeth his beste frend of his noblesse/That to som beter estat he may atteyne" (7879). At a time when English forces encountered setbacks in the Hundred Years' War against France, and Edward III's rule was becoming unpopular due to high taxation and his affair with Alice Perrers, political opinion closely associated the Duke of Lancaster with the failing government of the 1370s. For example, his ship, the Dieulagarde, was seized and bundled with other royal ships to be sold to pay off the debts of Sir Robert de Crull, who during the latter part of King Edward III's reign had been the Clerk of the King's Ships, and had advanced monies to pay for the king's ships. [3] The title Duke of Somerset was no longer available, having been granted in 1547 by King Edward VI[6] to his uncle Edward Seymour, Lord Protector, which family and title survives today. First, through his legitimate male descendants the Lancasters, and then through his debatably illegitimate descendants, by his long time mistress and then third He was buried beside his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, in the choir of St Paul's Cathedral, adjacent to the high altar. Sick, demoralised and mutinous, the army was in no shape to defend Aquitaine, and soldiers began to desert. However, he did not immediately return to the province, but remained in England and mainly ruled through seneschals as an absentee duke. The John of Gaunt School on Wingfield Road in Trowbridge, Wiltshire,[47] is built upon land that he once owned. John of Gaunt died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. His administration of the province was a disappointment, and his appointment as duke was much resented by the Gascons, since Aquitaine had previously always been held directly by the king of England or his heir; it was not felt to be a fief that a king could bestow on a subordinate. [41], As claimant to the throne of Castile and Len from 1372, he impaled the arms of that kingdom (Gules, a castle or, quartering Argent, a lion rampant purpure) with his own. Only John's intervention in the political crisis succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. They were later legitimised by royal and papal decrees, but this did not affect Henry IV's bar to their having a place in the line of succession. The affair apparently took place before John's first marriage to Blanche of Lancaster. Defeats King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, claims the throne as King Henry VII. SOURCE: Wikipedia John married Katherine in 1396, and their children, the Beauforts, were legitimised by King Richard II and the Church, but barred from inheriting the throne. John fathered five children outside marriage, one early in life by a lady-in-waiting to his mother, and four by Katherine Swynford, Gaunt's long-term mistress and third wife. John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, best known for his work The Canterbury Tales. The present Somerset family, Dukes of Beaufort, of Badminton House in Gloucestershire, are illegitimate direct male descendants of John of Gaunt, being illegitimate descendants of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, first cousin of Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509). At one point he was forced to take refuge across the Thames, while his Savoy Palace only just escaped looting. He planned a 'great expedition' of mounted men in a large armada of ships to land at Brest and take control of Brittany. Although he fought in the Battle of Njera (1367), for example, his later military projects proved unsuccessful. Jordana Brewster (born April 26, 1980) is an American actress and model. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. It was only in 1386, after Portugal under its new King John I had entered into a full alliance with England, that he was actually able to land with an army in Spain and mount a campaign for the throne of Castile (that ultimately failed). [24] He hatched several schemes to make good his claim with an army, but for many years these were still-born due to lack of finance or the conflicting claims of war in France or with Scotland. Married to: Sir Henry Stafford; 14621471. CM Dixon/Print Collector/Getty Images John, King of England (1166 - 1216), married twice. Through his first wife, Blanche (died 1368), John, in 1362, acquired the duchy of Lancaster and the vast Lancastrian estates in England and Wales. From the eldest son. On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in Lincoln Cathedral. He also became the 14th Baron of Halton and 11th Lord of Bowland. The Beauforts were a powerful and wealthy family from the start, and rose to greater power after their half-brother became King Henry IV in 1399, having deposed his 1st cousin King Richard II. Beset on all sides by French ambushes and plagued by disease and starvation, John of Gaunt and his raiders battled their way through Champagne, east of Paris, into Burgundy, across the Massif Central, and finally down into Dordogne. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in . Through John II of Castile's great-granddaughter Joanna the Mad, John of Gaunt is also an ancestor of the Habsburg rulers who would reign in Spain and much of central Europe. Two of John's daughters married into continental royal houses (those of Portugal and Castile). His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. In 1371, John married Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile, thus giving him a claim to the Crown of Castile, which he would pursue. In 1397 he obtained legitimization of the four children born to her before their marriage. 12 NOVEMBER 1910, Page 16 . John inherited the rest of the Lancaster property when Blanche's sister Maud, Countess of Leicester (married to William V, Count of Hainaut), died without issue on 10 April 1362. Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal (1375-1447) The three houses of English sovereigns that succeeded the rule of Richard II in 1399 - the Houses of Lancaster, York and Tudor - were all descended from John's children Henry IV, Joan Beaufort and John Beaufort, respectively. This lesson explores the life and family tree of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster. It may be that he felt he had to maintain this posture of loyalty to protect his son Henry Bolingbroke (the future Henry IV), who had also been one of the Lords Appellant, from Richard's wrath; but, in 1398, Richard had Bolingbroke exiled, and on John of Gaunt's death the next year he disinherited Bolingbroke completely, seizing John's vast estates for the Crown. However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. Although Philippa died c. 1387, the men were bound as brothers and Lancaster's children by Katherine - John, Henry, Thomas and Joan Beaufort - were Chaucer's nephews and niece. Quarterly, France moderne and England, a bordure Azure charged alternatively with fleurs de lys and martlets Or, impaling, Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure compone Argent and Azure[14]. Upon the death of his father-in-law, the Duke of Lancaster, in 1361, John received half his lands, the title "Earl of Lancaster", and distinction as the greatest landowner in Northern England as heir of the Palatinate of Lancaster. Though John was never able to make good his claim, his daughter by Constance, Catherine of Lancaster, became Queen of Castile by marrying Henry III of Castile. From 1367 to 1374 he served as a commander in the Hundred Years War (13371453) against France. John (13621365) was the first-born son of John and Blanche of Lancaster and lived possibly at least until after the birth of his brother Edward of Lancaster in 1365 and died before his second brother another short-lived boy called John in 1366. Married to: Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby; 14721504. Constance died in 1394. He reigned as King Henry IV of England (13991413), the first of the descendants of John of Gaunt to hold the English throne. Thus the Beaufort family is today represented in the male line by its illegitimate continuation, the House of Somerset, whose senior representative is Henry Somerset, 12th Duke of Beaufort.
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