Coping with a partner who has a mental illness such as clinical depression can be very challenging. World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies. FOIA 2021;9(2):222. The degree of heterogeneity was categorised as low, moderate, or high with threshold values of 25, 50, and 75%, respectively [17]. The increase in social media use time was also associated with depressive symptoms (pooled OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.301.85, prediction intervals: [0.822.49]), and the heterogeneity between studies was moderate (I2=67.16%) (see Fig. Association of Social Media Use With Mental Health Conditions of Nonpatients During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Insights from a National Survey Study. A meta-analysis of 11 studies (2017) also reported a weak association between social media use and depressive symptoms in children [22]. 2021 Aug;67(5):576-586. doi: 10.1177/0020764020944200. According to one study, attempts to reduce the spread of misinformation by fact-checking and flagging posts with inaccuracies may help reduce the influence of false information for some people. Social media elements, ecologies, and effects. Draenovi M, Vukui Rukavina T, Machala Poplaen L. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Interaction effects of social media use and the COVID19 stressor on depression. Objective: We examined social support and technology use and their relationships with mental and physical health outcomes through the COVID-19 pandemic among AAPIs. Surveys show a major increase in the number of U.S. adults who report symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia during the pandemic, compared with surveys before . Social media may be helpful for relieving anxiety and depression by providing information regarding the pandemic [7, 8]. Article Data show that around 20% of children and adolescents worldwide live with a mental health condition. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. OR Instagram/exp) for Embase; (3) (COVID-19 OR corona) AND (mental health OR depress* OR anxiety) AND (social media OR Instagram OR Facebook OR twitter) for Cochrane Library. This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (2020R1C1C1003502), awarded to SJJ. The Comprehensive R Archive Network Package metafor. Research published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research suggests that psychosocial expressions have significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many other benefits include being able to share ideas/information, sharing pictures/memories, increased opportunities to aid the community (charity . Research indicates that social media can help effectively communicate health information to a global audience during a public health crisis. Studies investigating the association between time spent on social media and mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety and depression) were summarised in Supplementary Material 1. GOSHa graphical display of study heterogeneity. Springer Nature. The new analyses also describe some of the severe challenges youth encountered during the pandemic: This often goes against the aims of the platform itself.. How COVID-19 Can Impact Mental Health If you get COVID-19, you may experience a number of symptoms related to brain and mental health, including: Cognitive and attention deficits (brain fog) Anxiety and depression Psychosis Seizures Suicidal behavior The fear of missing out. More than 80% (95%CI:80.9%-83.1%) of participants reported frequently exposed to social media. Would you like email updates of new search results? Each item is measured as having a high risk of bias, low risk of bias, or uncertain. For example, based on participant selection, each researcher marked an article as having a high risk of bias if, for example, the patient definitions of depression were generated by self-reported data. Meherali S, Punjani N, Louie-Poon S, Abdul Rahim K, Das JK, Salam RA, Lassi ZS. Studies were included which met the following criteria: (1) use of the English language; (2) conducted after March 11, 2020 (date the WHO declared a pandemic) and published by December 20, 2020; (3) collected data using a validated tool of mental health symptoms (e.g., Patient Health Questionnaire: PHQ9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items: GAD-7); (4) full texts available; (5) measured time spent on social media platform in either continuous or categorical variable; (5) provided their results in OR, , and/or Pearsons r, and (6) studies measured mental health symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Moreover, suicide is the second leading cause of death in 1529-year-olds. There are specific issues relevant to the pandemic and social media that can have a negative impact on our mental health. What are some ways to make unwanted 'alone time' a positive experience? BMC Med Res Methodol. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. IntHout J, Ioannidis JP, Borm GF. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. However, in some people, anxiety can become overwhelming and cause harm. 2020;25(1):7993. Studies were subdivided into categories according to the summary estimate of effect sizes (odds ratio [OR], beta estimate from multiple linear regression [], and correlation coefficient [Pearsons r]). After removing 19 duplicate publications, 327 studies were included for the title and full-text review (see Fig. COVID-19 restrictions made social media more central to our lives than before. 2023 Mar;9(3):e13468. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Perceptions of dental undergraduates towards online education during COVID-19: assessment from India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad142. See this image and copyright information in PMC. The site is secure. Pandemic impact on mental health: A global overview, COVID-19 decision fatigue: Expert tips on how to cope, Alone, not lonely: How to make the most out of involuntary 'me time', 5 top tips for self-care in a pandemic-exhausted world. Writing review & editing: YRL, YJJ, SHK, JIS, YCJ, SJJ. Estimates presented in odds ratios (OR). 2023 Jan 31;12:23. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_460_22. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the , Imani, V. , Saffari, M. , Griffiths, M.D. Despite the tremendous worldwide efforts including the introduction of vaccines, developing therapeutics and social distancing, the coronavirus outbreak is not expected to dampen due to the continuous emergence of new viral strains and difficulty in effective quarantine interventions. COVID-19; College students; Literature review; Mental health; Pandemic; Social media. To begin, the most obvious benefit that arises from the use of social media is the ability to stay connected with friends and family. In this Special Feature, Medical News Today looks at what research says about social media use and the COVID-19 pandemic to reveal how it has affected mental health. 2020; 146. Google Scholar. Academic Press. It impacted the areas of an individual's social self and the dynamic between various groups. Kramer AD, Guillory JE, Hancock JT. Potential effects of social distancing measures and school lockdown on child and adolescent mental health. Int JMent Health Addict. The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian-Laird method. Social media use can affect users' physical health even more directly. Int J Environ Res Public Health. See this image and copyright information in PMC. We also spoke with two experts about this complex topic. All statistical analyses and visualisations were performed with the meta, metaphor, and dmeter package of R version 3.6.3 (https://cran.r-project.org/), using a random-effect model [13,14,15]. 2023 Jan 26;14:1071938. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1071938. That will allow you to be more open to your thoughts and feelings, more centered consciously in the present moment and connected to others, and more focused on your deepest human values. For many, social media has become a lifeline to the outside world, especially as people look for ways to remain connected and entertained. When the COVID-19 pandemic began, U.S. college students reported increased anxiety and depression. The pooled effect sizes, CIs, and prediction intervals were calculated by estimating the pooled effect and CIs using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method, which is known as the one of the most conservative methods [16]. Proc Natl Acad Sci. Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in January 2020 the need for rapid information spread grew and social media became the ultimate platform for information exchange as well as a tool for connection and entertainment. As government health organizations used it to relay recent findings on prevention and treatment, social media became more than a place to post the latest vacation photos it became a hub of pandemic-related information. Before 3. Anxiety and depression measured by using screening tools with cut-offs presented results in odds ratios (see Supplementary Material 1). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. PMC The technology landscape has rapidly evolved in recent years, with social media now playing a central role in the lives of youth. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. A meta-analysis of 23 studies (2018) reported significant correlation between social media use and psychological distress [23]. Google Scholar. J Educ Health Promot. While social media may be considered as an alternative channel for people to connect with their peers in the pandemic, the findings suggest that excessive use of social media can be detrimental for mental health. Correspondence to Draenovi M, Vukui Rukavina T, Machala Poplaen L. Int J Environ Res Public Health. volume22, Articlenumber:995 (2022) PostedDecember 4, 2020 There has understandably been widespread concern about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions on the mental health of children and young people, with evidence of recent increases in the prevalence of mental health problems. And mental health disorders, including anxiety and depression, can worsen. In addition, having a social media-free day can positively affect mental well-being. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The COVID-19 pandemic-related social restrictions forced many people to change how they communicate. For instance, using questionnaires, researchers in China interviewed 512 college students from March 24 to April 1, 2020, to determine whether social media harmed mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in the time spent on social media in digital platforms was associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. 2014;111(24):878890. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. doi: 10.1017/S2045796020000931. She asserts that the COVID-19 pandemic, when social media use skyrocketed, caused a mental health crisis. doi: 10.2196/23696. Study data were extracted by two independent researchers (YRL and YJJ). This health misinformation may lead to an increase in fear, anxiety, and poor health choices. Overall increased use of. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? For sensitivity analysis, the results of analysis including only the High quality studies after quality assessment were similar to those of the overall study with low heterogeneity (anxiety: pooled OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.211.96, I2=0.00%; depression: pooled OR=1.42, 95% CI: 0.692.90, I2=0.00%). Effects of COVID-19 on anxiety, depression and other mental health issues: a worldwide scope review. A new study has revealed how people's creativity evolved during the first COVID-19 lockdown and the three factors that may have influenced it. J Affect Disord. Bookshelf High-quality studies had low inter-study heterogeneity (anxiety: I2=0.00%; depression: I2=0.00%). Daniels M, Sharma M, Batra K. Social media, stress and sleep deprivation: a triple S among adolescents. Funnel-plot analyses revealed symmetrical results (Supplementary Material 42). The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. There's no shortage of evidence that social media can worsen depression and anxiety. Bookshelf But has the use of social media during the pandemic negatively impacted mental health and well-being? eCollection 2022. This study aimed to assess the long-term effect of the pandemic on mental health and self-care parameters in patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. [categorical] and How long (in hours) were you exposed to social media? This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Accessibility An analysis of internet traffic revealed that social media sites in particular saw spikes in activity during the pandemic. We conducted a longitudinal survey to examine the temporal patterns of owner-pet relationship, stress, and loneliness during four phases of the pandemic: 1) pre-pandemic (February 2020), 2) lockdown (April to June 2020), 3) reopening (September to December 2020), and 4 . BMJ Open. This means that more people are expressing their emotions, both positive and negative, and garnering support from others. -, Bayer, J.B. , Triu, P. , & Ellison, N.B. The ultimate intention is for us to become the masters of social media, rather than social media become the masters of us.. R news. 2023 Mar 18;10(4):ofad142. New research indicates that video games are not as bad as we once feared. Three studies each on anxiety and depression (Supplementary Material 11-2, 12-2) reported their findings in (n=2376 and n=2574 for anxiety and depression, respectively). No ethical approval and patient consent are required since this study data is based on published literature.
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